Fatores que influenciam no desenvolvimento de cupiúba (Goupia glabra Aubl.) em clareiras artificiais de uma floresta de terra firme na Amazônia central – Amazonas, Brasil

Abstract

The proposition of this work seeks to supply basic subsidies specifically for the understanding of the factors that can influence in the processes of natural regeneration of the arboreal species, of the Goupia glabra (Cupiúba), in an area of humid tropical forest of firm earth submitted to the selective exploration of wood in regime of sustained forest handling, in the Amazonian Brazilian headquarters. This work was accomplished in the Station of Forest Handling of ZF-2, in the which, the study place is formed by 3 experimental blocks of 24ha, divided in 6 sub-blocks of 4ha (200m x200m), in gaps formed by the wood exploration. To locate and to mark the individuals of Goupia glabra present in the sub-blocks of 50% of the explored basal area the whole area it was traveled of each one of the sub-blocks, in way to find the largest number of individuals, that were identified, had it height and diameter measured and numbered and with yellow ribbons. Around of each individual of Goupia glabra identified a circumference was demarcated (area of competitive influence) of 3 meters of ray, in the which, all of the individuals of other species, larger in height, they were marked. The individuals' diameter of all was measured to 100cm of the soil, in way the samples all of the individuals above 1m of height. To evaluate the opening of the cups on the individuals of Goupia glabra inside the glades "Canopy Scope", an apparatus it was used characterized by a plate of acrylic measuring 20cm x 20cm, with the screen recorded with 25 points, with approximately 1 mm in diameter, spaced 3 cm separately (I center for center), in square orderly of 5 x 5 cm and a rope of 20cm prey to a song, to assure that the screen is always maintained at the same distance of the eye. The measures of the opening of the dossal were accomplished using the cardinal point and the calculated values were represented by the percentile averages of those measured done on each one of the individual, in way to esteem the incidence of incident medium brightness on the individuals of Goupia glabra sampled. In relation to the wealth floristic and the composition of the present species in the ranches sampled, it was observed that the distribution of the vegetable species inside of the blocks and experimental sub-blocks, it presented variation in composition. This variation can be a reflex of the use report in function of the intensity and of the types of disturbances in the central hectares of the explored blocks and topography of each sub-block. The species Miconia argyrophila, Byrsonima chrysophylla, Vismia guianensis, Cecropia purpurascens, Guatteria olivacea and Inga spp. (ingá-white), they were present in all of the ranches of Goupia glabra sampled. The abiotic factor hines, it didn't present a significant relationship in relation to the diameter (P = 0,063) and alometry (P = 0.211) of the individuals of Goupia glabra. However, the existence of a direct relationship could be verified between the individuals of Goupia glabra and the medium basal area (p=0.000), for diameter and alometry) of the neighbors species, inside of the influence area. The abundance of the neighbors species influenced significantly, however, in inverse way in the increase of the diameter (p=0.023) and in the height (no computed). The changes in the environmental conditions in the gaps, as well as the presence of different species in the influence areas of the individuals of G. glabra, in relation to the conditions of readiness of several types of resources display a stable coexistence among them. It was of hoping the individuals of G. glabra went more developed, as fewer went to the individuals’ area basal average around itself. However, the effect felt in an inverse way, showing that some related process exercises an effect that addresses to a positive relationship with the individuals of G. glabra.