Avaliação de índices climáticos na amazônia para meados e final do século xxi baseada no cenário rcp8.5 com o modelo regional ETA

Abstract

The greenhouse effct is a phenomenon that causes the natural warming of the earth’s surface. However, in recent decades this warming is increasing due to natural causes and principalemente to human activities, causing global climate change, including the Amazon region with p otentially catastrophic impacts. These changes in climate are measured using historic al series of meteorological variables such as the temp erature and precipitation. Thus, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), through various worksops created twenty-seven changes in weather detection indicators based on temepratura and precipitation. They were used in this study 8 climate indices based on precipitation and calculated in the Amaz on Basin region, which is Grende imp ortance econônima for the p eople (directly and/or indirectly), in vie w of the role of these climatic indicators for the middle and end of the century XXI in order to b etter planning to minimize the environmental, so cial and economic impacts. Thus, the present study used data from precipitation Climate Prediction Center (CPC) and the regional mo del ETA EXP-CTRL , b oth for the p erio d 1981-1990, in order to evaluate 8 climatic indicators, comparing their-spatial patterns and ETA validate the mo del using statistical metho ds BIAS and RMSE. The present study also used data from the regional mo del ETA, with the b oundary conditions of numerical simulations of the general circulatio n mo del HadGEM2 for the scenario of greenhouse gas emissions RCP 8.5, we selected three diffrent p erio ds, they are: 1 ) 1961-1990 (EXP-CTRL), 2) 2021-2050 (EXP-FP8.5) and 3) 2071-2100 (EXP-FD8.5). To evaluate the inflence of the increase in the concentrati on of greenhouse gases, characterized by the IPCC scenario RCP8.5 on 8 clima te indices based on rainfall data to the Amazon Basin. The results showed that the validation base d on BIAS, the mo del showed changes similar to that observed in terms of spatial di stribution. In the validation based on the RMSE, it was observed that the mo de l has go o d accuracy of the mo del in relation to what was observed for the numb er of consecutive days and dried the maximum amount of rainfall in a day. The results also indicated that the EXP-FP8.5 only the numb er of consecutive rainy days, the total numb er of dry days and the total numb er of rainy days are signifiantly impacted. So for the EXP-FP8.5 and EXP-FD8.5 exp eriments, mo del ETA force d the HadGEM2, there may b e a signifiant increase in the numb er of dry days and a reduction in the numb er of rainy days and consecutive or not b etween the middle and end the twenty-fist century. For other climatic indicators (total amount of rainfall, maximum rainfall o ccurred in 1 day, maximum rainfall amo unt o ccurred in fie days, the p ercentile 95% of rain) mo del indicates a reduction in the amount of rain on the region of the Amazon Basin mainly for the indic ators asso ciated with extreme events.