Macrofungos Agaricales em áreas de manejo florestal na Amazônia Central

Abstract

This thesis is an ecological and taxonomic account of Agaricales macrofungi in a terra firme forest at the Estação Experimental de Manejo Florestal do INPA (ZF-2). Over a two year period 669 basidiomes (fruiting bodies) were collected in eight transects (5 × 50 m each), located in primary and secondary forests. A total of 290 species/ mophospecies were identified during the study. The macrofungal composition was different among primary and secondary forests, and this difference was also observed among seasons and collection year. In the dry season, the secondary forest presented the lowest macrofungal richness and abundance when compared with primary forest. In relation to substrate type (trunk, branches, leaves and soil), basidiome richness of leaf litter guilds was higher in secondary forest plots, whereas, in contrast, soil guild richness was greater in primary forest. Marasmioid and gymnopoid fungi were the most representative group in this study, and taxonomic descriptions using macro and microscopic characters complemented with molecular data, ITS (internal trancribed spacer), were carried out in these groups. The taxonomic stage resulted in description of six new species for Tetrapyrgos (provisional names: T. albonigripes, T. brevipileocystidiata, T. brunneolucida, T. cystidiacrassa, T. pileobrunnea, and T. pseudonigripes) and T. longicystidiata as newly registered new recording to Amazonia. Marasmius calvocystidiatus (provisional name) is described as new species and its sister species M. horridulus, which just its type specimen was known is recollected. Nine species with rhizomorph are described, among them, M. cupressiformis, M. populiformis e M. microdendron. In addition, 37 taxa of Marasmius are presented, from which 21 are describe at the species level. For the species included in Omphalotaceae (Gymnopus, Marasmiellus and Rhodocollybia), we restrict to the presentation of molecular data and synopses about them. Overall, this work intends to open up paths for future studies of macrofungal taxonomy and ecology in the Amazon basin.