Revisão taxônomica e relação filogenética das espécies de Crenicichla grupo wallacii (Perciformes: Cichlidae)

Abstract

Crenicichla wallacii group sensu Kullander (1990) was compose of six species (update in 1991, with description of C. virgatula). Taxonomy revision of Crenicichla wallacii group had type material and non-type found at nationals collections (INPA, MPEG, MZUSP), plus loans of international collection in partnership (ANSP, Philadelphia, U.S.A.), original descriptions and use of auxiliary tools for analysis (magnifiers, digital x-ray chamber). Examined a total of 500 examples of Crenicichla wallacii group and Teleocichla. Species recognized in wallacii group in this revision: Crenicichla compressiceps (Tocantins- Araguaia rivers), C. notophthalmus (Negro river), C. regani (Trombetas, Tapajós, Solimões, Uatumã, Purus, Madeira, Amazonas, Guamá, Tocantins and Marajó rivers), C. virgatula (Branco river), C. urosema (Tapajós river), and C. wallacii (Essequibo, Orinoco and Branco rivers). All this species presents diagnoses, descriptions, color observations, sexual dimorphism, morphometric and meristic table and geographic map distribution. In this project were proposed two new species, Crenicichla sp. n. "Maicuru" (Maicuru river) and Crenicichla sp. n. "Xingu" (Xingu river), and a proposal to withdraw Crenicichla heckeli out of wallacii group, hereafter, synonimize to genre Teleocichla. It’s presented a identification key for eight species of Crenicichla wallacii group, restricted of Amazon basin. At the end, presents a phylogenetic tree species analyzed (Crenicichla + Teleocichla) with addiction species of different Crenicichla group and Taeniacara candidi as outgroup, result that the wallacii group is monophyletic, and C. heckeli is outside the wallacii group.