Composição e estrutura das comunidades parasitárias de matrinxã, Brycon amazonicus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829), dos rios Juruá e Purus, Amazonas, Brasil

Abstract

One hundred and thirteen specimens of matrinxã, Brycon amazonicus, were analyzed from the Juruá and Purus rivers, tributaries of the Solimões River, with a total of 14.068 parasites collected, comprising 13.939 ectoparasites and 129 endoparasites. The fauna of parasites found in both environments included: the Monogenoidea, Jainus amazonensis, Trinibaculum braziliensis, Anacanthorus spp. and Tereancistrum kerri; the Copepoda, Ergasilus bryconis; the Nematoda, Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus and Acantocephala, Echinorhyncus bryconi. Two more species Gamidactylus bryconis (Copepoda) and Rhynoxenus sp. (Monogenoidea) occurred only in fish of the Purus River and are a new record for B. amazonicus. The richness of ectoparasites infracommunities ranged from five to seven species and the endoparasites were two species, wherein the ectoparasite infestations have occurred more multiple infestations with up to four species while endoparasites were more monospecific. Most species of parasites found in B. amazonicus in Jurua and Purus rivers, presented the satellite community status. The distribution pattern for parasitic infracommunities B. amazonicus the Jurua and Purus rivers was added. The infestation /infection levels of some parasites found did not suffer the influence of sex and standard length of the host. The sex of the host did not influence the parasitic infracommunities richness and diversity. The parasitic infracommunities composition differed only spatially between the Juruá and Purus rivers, while the structure differed temporally intra and inter-annually. The parasitic fauna B. amazonicus the Jurua and Purus rivers were similar, in qualitative and quantitative terms, both spatially (88 and 81%) and temporally (94 and 74%) in the Purus river. Jainus amazonensis, T. braziliensis, Anacanthorus spp. and E. bryconis have the potential for being used as biological markers therefore attended four of the six criteria are used in the selection of parasites as biological markers populations.