Sistemática das vespas parasitoides do gênero Callihormius ashmead (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Doryctinae) e gêneros filogeneticamente relacionados

Abstract

Doryctinae is a highly species diverse group within Braconidae and at the same time presents a great intraspecific morphological variation. This variation has made it difficult to establish the definitions of genera and species within the subfamily. An example is Callihormius Ashmead, a little-known genus with ten valid species previously to this work, and which currently has its limits overlapping with other two genera, Aphelopsia Marsh and Platydoryctes Barbalho & Penteado-Dias that had two and three valid species, respectively. In order to improve the definition of these genera, the present work reviewed the taxonomy of these groups with the support of a molecular phylogenetic analysis that for the first time focused on these genera. After a first taxonomic review of Callihormius, carried out in an already published work, in order to better understand the definition used in the literature, it was possible to redescribe some species and describe new ones that would be used in the phylogenetic analysis. A Bayesian analysis using five molecular markers, two mitochondrial and three nuclear, was performed to try to recover the monophyly of the above genera. This analysis demonstrated the fragility of the Callihormius definition used in the literature recovering the genus as a polyphyletic group. Therefore, new sets of characters to be used not only for the definition of this genus, but also for Platydoryctes were proposed. Then, based on the results of the phylogeny, a review of the genus Aphelopsia and a taxonomic update on Callihormius was carried out, presenting a new diagnosis, three new species for the genus, and five new genera derived from species previously classified as Callihormius. A taxonomic study of Platydoryctes was also performed, with a new definition for it and the description of four new species. Thus, at the end of the taxonomic changes that became necessary, Callihormius happened to have nine valid species and Aphelopsia and Platydoryctes happened to have three and eight valid species, respectively.