Sistemática da vespa parasitoide Acrotaphus Townes (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae) e taxonomia dos gêneros afins

Abstract

The Polysphincta genus-group is a clade within the tribe Ephialtini (Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) characterized by parasitoid wasps that utilize adult and sub-adult spiders as host. The most recent phylogeny of the group, using morphological data, divided the group into seven clades, the clade F consisting of ‘Polysphincta’ + (Ticapimpla + (Hymenoepimecis + Acrotaphus)), being Polysphincta paraphiletic and Ticapimpla, Hymenoepimecis and Acrotaphus monophyletic. This study aimed to study the taxonomy of genera of clade F in order to organized and contribute to future studies of neotropical Pimplinae. For this the thesis was divided in five parts: 1) the genus Acrotaphus Townes was reviewed. Sixteen new species were described (A. amajari sp. n., A. amazonicus sp. n., A. bodoquenaensis sp. n., A. cuzconus sp. n., A. dolichopus sp. n., A. homeofranklini sp. n., A. jackiechani sp. n., A. kourou sp. n., A. micrus sp. n., A. monotaenius sp. n., A. nambilloensis sp. n., A. pseudoamazonicus sp. n., A. pseudomexicanus sp. n., A. sobczaki sp. n., A. venezuelanus sp. n. and A. zampieronae sp. n.). In addition, A. mexicanus (Cameron) was redescribed, new characters were added, such as the description of the male’s genitalia for the first time. Also, an identification key, diagnoses and digital images for all species of the genus were provided. 2) A cladistic analysis of genus Acrotaphus Townes was performed using 46 morphological characteres and 35 terminal taxa (nine outgroup and 26 ingroup). Acrotaphus was corroborated as monophyletic, having your sister group the genus Hymenoepimecis Viereck (Zaglyptus + (Polysphincta + (Ticapimpla + (Hymenoepimecis + Acrotaphus)))). Besides, the internal topology of the genus was here first proposed, resulting in eight clades, with the largest number of species in its terminal branches in the clades G and H. In addition, characters from the male genital capsule were added and tested for the first time. 3) Polysphincta dizardi Gauld species-group was reviewed. Six new species were described: P. cosnipata sp. n., P. inca sp. n., P. macroepomia sp. n., P. organensis sp. n., P. pichincha sp. n. and P. teresa sp. n.. Also, diagnosis, taxonomic key and digital images for all species were provided. 4) A taxonomic study of genus Hymenoepimecis Viereck from Ecuador, French Guiana, Nicaragua and Peru was realized. Seven new species were described: H. andina sp. n., H. castilloi sp. n., H. dolichocarinata sp. n., H. ecuatoriana sp. n., H. longilobus sp. n., H. pucallpina sp. n. and H. rafaeli sp. n.. Besides, new geographical records, digital images and an identification key for all species of genus were provided. 5) A taxonomic study of genus Ticapimpla Gauld was realized. The males T. carinata Palacio et al. and T. matamatae Palacio et al. were associated and described, the genus was recorded for the first time to French Guiana, the species T. amazonica Palacio et al., T. carinata, T. matamatae and T. soinii Palacio et al. were recorded for the first time to Brazil. Besides, diagnosis and digital images of these species were added.