Fauna de flebotomíneos (Diptera: Psychodidae) e taxa de infecção natural por Leishmania Ross (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) em ambientes de várzea e de terra firme no município de Tefé, Amazonas, Brasil

Abstract

Phlebomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) are insects that have medical importance due some species play an important role in transmission of leishmaniasis. The aims this study were to identify fauna of insects in “terra firme” (non flooded area) and “várzea” (flooded area) environments, and theirs ecotopes (forest and peridomicile) present in these environments, to verify possible leishmaniasis vectors in Tefé municipality, endemic area of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) Amazonas state, Brazil. The collections were done using HP light traps during six months: January, February, April, August, September and October, of 2013. To detect natural infections of Leishmania spp., molecular techniques were used. DNA extractions from female sandflies were performed and samples subjected to Polymerase Chain Reaction using kDNA gene, and its identification in species level were made by PCR with hsp70 gene followed by genetic sequence. In total was collected 5.716 individuals and identified 46 species. The abundance of the males was slightly higher compared to females, 2.868 males (50,19%) and 2.848 females (49,81%), respectively. Trichophoromyia ubiquitalis (3.330 – 58,26%) and Nyssomyia antunesi (661 – 11,26%) were species most abundant. “Terra firme” environment (42 species) was species richer than “várzea” environment (23 species) and forests ecotopes (43 species) were also richer than peridomiciles (28 species). The molecular techniques confirmed infection of Th. ubiquitalis and Psychodopygus davisi with Leishmania spp. The found sequence analysis of the Leishmania confirmed that the specie Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni was infecting Th. ubiquitalis. That specie causes also ACL in pará state. This is the first report of L. lainsoni infecting sand flies in Amazonas state. Amazonas state. Probably, Th. ubiquitalis is a species that causes in Tefé area.