Indicadores palinológicos do babaçu (Orbignya phalerata Mart.) Arecaceae em ecossistemas antrópicos e naturais na Amazônia Central

Abstract

The present work was carried through the study of the pollen morphology variability of two populations of babaçu (Orbignya phalerata Mart.) established in different environments, contributing for inter-specific briefing of the population supplies of the studied species, in order to extend the available knowledge on its diversity, occupation in the ecosystem and understanding of its evolution and adaptation, as well as for the development of methods adjusted for the handling and use of its potential. The specie is known by presenting one high economic potential in the industry and as extraction product. The studied pollen grains were obtained of twenty two individuals of two populations, located in the city of Rio Preto da Eva: (1) the deforested area in the properties Jiquitaia and Chácara Água Boa; (2) the conserved area of firm land forest, in the neighborhoods of the stream Taboca and Rubim, in the Rio Preto da Eva. The blooming of the palm babaçu in two studied environments (conserved and deforested area), occurred in the periods from august to october of 2005. To evaluation the morphologic characteristics of the pollen of the two studied populations the techniques of light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of sweepings had been used. The comparison of the averages of the observed grain size, considering the diameter biggest, indicated that 85,50 the gotten average greaters had been μm in individual RP-04/AC (63,27 conserved area) and μm in individual RP-10/AD (antropics area). The presented forms, it was evidenced supreme elliptical and pear-shaped in the area conserved and triangular and pear- shaped in the antropics area. The types of monosulcate opening had occurred in the grains of pollen of the individuals of the area conserved and trichotomosulcate in the grains of the individuals of the antropics area. These results point with respect to the necessity of if intensifying more efforts in the analysis of the pollen of plants submitted to the antropics pressures, considering that environment alterations can affect the metabolism of these plants supplies, reflected in the genome haploid (pollen).