Efeito dos solos antrópicos (Terra Preta de Índio) na diversidade vegetal de quintais em comunidades ribeirinhas no rio Madeira, Amazonas

Abstract

This study examines the effects of anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic soils on plant species diversity of home gardens, relating soil quality to the geographical origin of spontaneous and cultivated species. The interest in studying the fertile Amazonian Dark Earths (ADE) comes from the fact they often present agrobiodiversity patterns that are different from those found in other soils. Floristic inventories were performed in 70 home gardens (35 on ADE, 35 on other soils) in seven riverside communities along the middle and lower Madeira River, in Amazonas State, and each species mentioned was classified according to its origin: native to Amazonia, native to the Americas outside of Amazonia and Old World. The explanatory variables tested in multiple regressions were: soil fertility and texture, and home garden size and age. We found a total of 271 species and 379 landraces. The floristic diversity was influenced by soil fertility, texture, size and age of the home gardens. The most fertile soils (TPI) have a distinct floristic composition than the non-anthropogenic soils and tend to have higher total species and landraces richness especially species exotics and more species of spontaneus species of America outside the Amazon. Were recorded in the home gardens with TPI 291 landraces of 217 species and home gardens with SNA 260 landraces of 183 species. The home gardens with ADE provide better conditions for most species’ development, especially Old World exotics, which are often more demanding in nutrients.