Caracterização Palinotaxonômica das espécies de Copaifera l. (leg. Caes.) que ocorrem na Amazônia Brasileira

Abstract

In the Brazilian Amazon the Copaifera L. genus is represented by nine species: C. duckei Dwyer, C. glycycarpa Ducke, C. guyanensis Desf., C. martii Hayne, C. multijuga Hayne, C. paupera (Herzog) Dwyer, C. piresii Ducke, C. pubiflora Benth. e C. reticulata Ducke. From this, pollen grains of seven species, C. guyanensis, C. martii, C. multijuga, C. paupera, C. piresii, C. pubiflora e C. reticulata, were studied in regard to size, shape, number, position and character of apertures, and exine ornamentation. Because of the taxonomic relationship, more five species, presents outside of the Brazilian Amazon, were investigated too, C. officinalis (Jacq.) L., C. cearensis Huber ex Ducke var. arenicola Ducke, C. langsdorfii Desf., C. oblongifolia Mart. ex Hayne, e C. rigida Benth. Using light and scanning electron microscopy, was noted that the Copaifera it is a stenopalynous genus. The pollen grains are medium, isopolars, radial simetry and tricolporate. Their shape, varies from suboblate to prolate spheroidal, and the exine from psilated to perfurated. The colpori, in the polar view, have demonstred three kinds of forms, longycolpate, parasyncolpate and syncolpate. In the equatorial view, the mesocolpial showing protuding like a wings, called “aletas”. The endoaperture is circular, however in several times it’s covered by sexine. The exine appears transparent, provide sexine and nexine with same thickness. Using the characteristics of exine ornamentation in scanning electron microscopy, was possible to compose four Pollinics Subtype according to morphological similar betewen pollen grains, which are represented by the species, C. officinalis, C. guyanensis, C. paupera e C. multijuga. Pollen keys were elaborated to separate the Subtypes. Finally, in this work is an evolutionary correlation for the different Subtypes, concluding that the Subtype officinalis, with psilate-perforate surface, may be less derivaded and the Subtype multijuga, with psilate and strongly perfurate surface, more derivaded.