Análise morfoanatômica das folhas e casca de Aspidosperma nitidum Benth e Aspidosperma marcgravianum Woodson (Apocynaceae) com abordagem farmacognóstica e etnofarmacológica

Abstract

In this present paper was realized a ethnopharmacological study with Aspidosperma nitidum and A. marcgravianum known as “carapanaúba”at “Nossa Senhora Aparecida (Silves-AM) community and “Urubuí (Presidente Figueiredo-AM) community. However, the livers at those communities know and indicates just A. nitidum using it for treatment of liver and stomach diseases. The stem bark is the part used by community livers for treatment of this disease above. For the purpose of this paper, leaves and bark of A. nitidum and A. marcgravianum were analysed in anatomy studies aiming to identify anatomic structures and so to verify how specie of the two was indicated in folk medicine. Samples of leaf and bark of A. nitidum and A marcgravianum were subimmited to histological process according to usual techniques of optical microscope. Both of these species have structural similarity in leave and in bark. However, for the limb coloration, presence or absence of sclereids and the morphology of mid bundle, these characteristic can be used to separate the species taxonomically. Laticifers can be found in bark and leaf of A. nitidum and A. marcgravianum. In phytochemical screening the main detected compounds at leaves and bark from two species are cumarina, condensed tannins, cardiotonic glicosides and alkaloids. Detailed studies for alkaloids isolation and purification to A. nitidum and A. marcgravianum are recommended. So this way, it can be indicate barks for communities explorations, as they had done lately, and the exploration from the leaves for industries, in later study of bioprospection.