Caracterização e diagnóstico do uso da terra na Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável de Uatumã, AM

Abstract

The creation and management of Protect Areas is primarily a strategy for conserving biodiversity, but should also contribute to the promotion of sustainable development for the people who inhabit them. Many protected areas have been created in recent years in Brazil, especially in the Amazon, but the planning and efficient management of these areas still exhibit some significant results. This often occurs because planning is not closely linked to the dynamics of use of protected area. Thus it is necessary to carry out a deep analysis of the relationship between these populations and land use, in order to understand their behaviour and to propose actions which could contribute to the well-being of people and to the conservation of biodiversity. In this sense, this work seeks to integrate a number of documents on the Uatumã Sustainable Development Reserve (located in the municipalities of Itapiranga and São Sebastião do Uatumã, Amazonas - Brazil) which will allow a strategic analysis of land use in the Protect Area. The Uatumã Sustainable Development Reserve is used mainly for agriculture, followed by livestock, fishery and forest extraction. Agriculture is based on a family model, and uses very little resources which could make it more efficient. Livestock is also carried out with very low technical indexes. Timber extraction is carried out on the basis of community forest management plans, although there are reports of illegal timber extraction in the region. The extraction of non-timber forest products is small, however, there are rules which guide the good management of these products. There are two methods of fishing: the commercial and sports. Market access is a problem for all activities, but with fewer restrictions for livestock. There are a number of activities which should be prioritized for improvement in land use, income generation and environmental conservation. These activities include land management, revision of the rules of use, agroforestry training for producers, the enrichment of secondary forests, implementation of a programme of conservation and improvement of native species and the strengthening of agricultural and extractive marketing.