Avaliação da efetividade local das políticas públicas de fomento ao extrativismo de PFNM no Acre: o caso da Resex do Cazumbá Iracema

Abstract

The creation of extractive reserves was a milestone for the development of the extractive communities, especially in the state of Acre, whose occupation and political organization are deeply linked to the international trade of rubber (latex of Hevea spp.) and of Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa). These species up to the present are important for the populations inhabiting these specially protected spaces and that represent economic activities whose development is a great challenge for the environmental sustainability of the region. In this sense, the strengthening of extractive production through public policies appears as an important tool for the maintenance of forest ecosystems and for the local populations. Embedded in this scenario is the reserve of Cazumbá-Iracema object of this study, located in the municipality of Sena Madureira, in the state of Acre. The objective of the study was to evaluate the internal and external factors that affect the local effectiveness of present sectoral public policies that promote extractivism in the State of Acre. Secondary data obtained through documentary research of federal and state governmental agencies for the promotion of extractive production was analyzed together with primary data obtained through technical visits to gather information in the municipality of Sena Madureira, at the headquarters and interior of the Resex. For this collection, interviews were conducted with open and closed questions, with the extractivists from the three macro-regions that were previously defined in terms of accessibility, being: Médio Caeté, Cazumbá and Jacareúba-Redenção. A community councilor representing each region areas were also interviewed, as well as with the latex and / or Brazil nut local buyers of the region, the identified policy manager and the Conservation Unit manager. Public policies to support the development of latex and nut production in the state of Acre were identified and among that, the ones currently operating in the Cazumbá-Iracema reserve. It was found that latex extractive production in both the state of Acre and the Resex Cazumbá is in decline, even with the support of development policies. Nevertheless, the production of Brazil nuts has had a period of growth and is currently stable. It was verified that, currently, only the state subsidy policy known as the Chico Mendes law is operating in the reserve. In view of this context, it was identified that this policy is not being effective, since several limitations have been identified that need to be remedied. It is concluded that the state subsidy policy is not effective in the reserve, however, with joint actions it will be possible to reverse the scenario of decline or stagnation of production. The decentralization and higher local effectiveness of public policies are fundamental so that more extractivist communities can make use of forest resources as sources of their income in compatible manner with the sustainable use of these spaces, thus ensuring the conservation of the forests and the traditional ways of life of these resident populations.