O acesso às políticas públicas por populações tradicionais na gestão de unidades de conservação de uso sustentável: o caso das reservas extrativistas da terra do meio Altamira-PA

Abstract

The implementation of public policies for traditional communities living in geographically isolated areas has been a major challenge in the management of conservation units for sustainable use. In this context, the objective of this work is to describe how the process of access to public policies on education and health has taken place, with a focus on the Riozinho do Anfrísio Extractive Reserve and Rio Iriri Extractive Reserve in the region of Terra do Meio, Altamira-Pará, with the inhabitants themselves as protagonists. This work intends to contribute to the theme of the direct involvement and protagonist of the inhabitants of the Conservation Units in the management of their territories and their future projects, and of how public policies appropriate to the reality as complex as these should be constituted. This description and analysis will be based on my own experience as one of the actors in this process and other actors directly involved, to know: a) Leaders of residents Resex, b) representatives of non-governmental organizations, c) the government managers of protected areas; e) health and education professionals who have worked in Resex. Also, are used secondary data and relevant literature on the subject. It was observed that the idea of establishment of extractive reserves, and ensure recognition of the territory traditionally occupied generated expectation of immediately improvement on the life quality of residents, mainly the quick implementation of public policies, such as health and education. The policies did not take place immediately or spontaneously. The process of life quality improvement involved a series of small achievements, from the several documents, through the literacy of some, by the understanding and experience of what it means process and how it works an association, the establishment of alliances and partnerships with different actors, the conquest and management of the first resources and projects, management and resolution of internal community conflicts and their expectations with the Resex and the arrival of the State. Despite these achievements, it is noted that the challenge now is to fits existing policies to a local reality, in respect of their traditional knowledge. Therefore, the current moment requires of all involved on the implementation of these policies, an special care to not generate a disintegration of traditional culture of these peoples.