Desafios da implementação de mecanismos REED+ como financiamento para gestão de áreas protegidas na Amazônia

Abstract

The Amazon biome and its ecosystems are one of the main natural heritage sites in Brazil. However, the advance of deforestation and forest degradation has caused this heritage to be significantly reduced, since promote the depletion of forests and the natural resources it offers. In addition, deforastations and forest degradation increase emissions of greenhouse gases, which contribute to climate change. In this context, in 2006, the Brazilian government proposed to the parties at COP 12 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, a new economic strategy for environmental control. This is the compensation mechanism for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) based on voluntary donations. REDD, by its principles and guidelines, can alleviate the problems of deforestation and forest degradation, helping and making society aware of better care for the environmental heritage for the preservation of natural resources and forests for future generations. Recognizing that Protected Areas have played a major role in curbing deforestation in the region, this study is concerned with reflecting on how REDD strategies have been applied, especially in the conservation and maintenance of protected areas, as well as ways of reducing emissions and deforestation. For this, the study was developed in stages. At first, the configuration of REDD (its concepts and definitions; its evolution and historical aspects as well as its main challenges) is discussed. Subsequently, management strategies for protected areas in Brazil are discussed with a focus on the Brazilian Amazon (general aspects of management; Green Fund for the climate; conferences and agreements; protection of the Amazon and the Amazon Fund). In conclusion, aspects inherent to the use and enhancement of REDD in the Amazon context are presented for proposing future actions.