Testando limites específicos dos Uakaris pretos sensu Hershkovitz (1987) (Pitheciidae: primates)

Abstract

The black Uakari currently have three valid species: Cacajao. melanocephalus, C. hosomi and C. ayresi; proposed after a group taxonomic revision, however there is no consensus on this classification due to disagreements over the validity of C. ayresi proposed as new species for the group. The disagreement exist due to the low phylogenetic resolution found between C. ayresi and its sister species, C. hosomi. In this regard, the specific limits of black uakaris were tested to validate or not C. ayresi, using the phylogeny of Cytochrome b and next generation sequencing to delimit evolutionary lineages and biological groups. It was used ten new samples of black uakaris to building a phylogenetic reconstruction of Cytochrome b and twenty-one samples for next-generation sequencing. All samples used in the phylogenetic reconstruction of Cytochrome b were grouped with their respective described species, indicating a monophyletism for this marker. The results from the NGS indicate that C. hosomi and C. ayresi form a single evolutionary lineage while C. melanocephalus form another branch. Two biological groups were found, one composed by C. melanocephalusand other composed by C. ayresi and C. hosomi. The results indicate that C. ayresi and C. hosomi are distinct species by phylogenetic Cytochrome b, following the phylogenetic species concept, while the results from the NGS indicate that C. ayresi and C. hosomi form a single evolutionary lineage presenting polyphyly and is not classified as distinct species by phylogenetic species concept. The species C. ayresi and C. hosomi are also grouped in the same biological group, sharing mating system and thus classified as belonging to the same species by the biological species concept, therefore C. hosomi and C. ayresi can not be classified as separate species.