Expressão diferencial de genes codificadores de Proteínas de choque térmico (Hsp) em Aedes aegypti Linnaeus, 1762 (Diptera: Culicidae), mantidos em condições climáticas previstas pelo IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) para o ano de 2100

Abstract

Anthropogenic changes are associated with the intensification of the greenhouse effect, resulting in variations in CO2 levels and temperature, aggravating the effects of climate change in the Amazon. These changes alter the evapotranspiration and modify the rainfall indexes in this region, resulting in the decline of the tropical forest, favoring the formation of the field areas. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicts for the Amazon increases of 2.5 °C and 400 ppm of CO2 in the intermediate scenario (A1B) and 4.5 °C and 850 ppm of CO2 in the extreme scenario (A2). These changes favor the natural and artificial breeding grounds of Aedes aegypti, a species with marked anthropophilia and a transmitter of Dengue, Zika, Yellow Fever and Chikungunya Fever. The small and large Heat shock proteins (Hsp) can explain this adaptability of the vector, since they are associated with thermal stress and provide greater stability to the intracellular proteins, increasing the tolerance to environmental factors. A. aegypti colonies maintained for over sixty generations were analyzed in the following scenarios: current, and in the simulated scenarios (A1B) and (A2) of the IPCC. The mRNA was extracted and the gene expression of Hsp26, Hsp83 and Hsc70 was analyzed by Real Time PCR. Males and females showed significant differences in the expression of the evaluated genes. In all the climatic conditions tested, Hsp genes presented significant differences in gene regulation, with the intermediate scenario, presenting the greatest variations. The expression pattern did not present, in part, similarity with the data verified in the literature. Suggesting that such organisms have developed adaptive mechanisms for stress conditions not yet well described, and other studies are needed to ascertain, such mechanisms