Diversidade da família hymenochaetaceae donk da amazônia brasileira e avaliação da bioatividade de extratos de phellinus crystallis, uma nova espécie com pespectiva futura de potencial biotecnológico

Abstract

In recent years, fungi have been gaining greater prominence in the production of various substances and, for this reason, research in biotechnological contests has intensified. The species of the Hymenochaetaceae family are characterized by reacting on contact with potassium hydroxide (xanthochroic reaction) causing the blackening of various structures. Many species of the Hymenochaetaceae family form associations with other organisms, thus participating in the intricate and delicate balance in ecosystems. In Hymenochaetaceae, the best example of the biotechnological use of this genus is Phellinus baumii used in Chinese culture and in several other countries in the treatment of cancer, diabetes and toxicities. In this context, the present study aimed to determine the diversity of hymenoquetoid fungi, establishing their phylogenetic relationships with similar species, and to evaluate the bioactivity of extracts obtained from isolates (pure cultures). Basidioma collections were performed at the Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve (RFAD) and Tropical Silviculture Experimental Station (ZF-2), in the State of Amazonas, and at the Viruá National Park (PNV), in the State of Roraima. Morphological identifications were carried out using dehydrated basidiomas and phylogenetic analyzes using nucleotide sequences from the ITS region. The biotechnological potential was evaluated based on the antimicrobial activity of crude extracts from the mycelial biomass of the isolated hymenoquetoid. The morphological studies allowed the identification of 362 specimens distributed in 69 species with new references for the states studied, for the Amazon region, Brazil and the Americas, in addition to two new world references (Inonotopis amazonicus and Phellinus crystallis). The species Phellinus crystallis is confirmed by morlecular analysis and phylogeny as a new species, the extracts from its broth and mycelium show bacteriostatic potential for the bacteria Estafilococos faecalis and fungistatic for the fungi Candida albicans and C. tropicalis. This work presents initial data for further studies of bioprospecting and purification of molecules from P. crystallis, by in vitro and in vivo analysis that may enable the antimicrobial, antiplasmodic and antifungal potential for therapeutic purposes.