Biochar, adubação orgânica e mineral no crescimento inicial de pau-rosa (Aniba rosaeodora ducke) em Latossolo Amarelo Distrófico da Amazônia Central

Abstract

The success of forest plantations depends, among other factors, on knowledge about the silvicultural aspects of the species. Rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke), a species with high economic value in the Brazilian Amazon, has shown potential for the formation of homogeneous plantations and agroforestry systems, but knowledge about aspects of nutrition and fertilization of this species is still incipient. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of biochar, organic and mineral fertilization on soil fertility, nutritional status and initial development of rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora D.) under field conditions in a Dystrophic Yellow Latosol of Central Amazon. The experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station of Tropical Fruticulture of the National Institute for Research in the Amazon-INPA, in Manaus-Amazonas. The experimental design used was in randomized blocks, with five treatments (T1-control; T2-biochar; T3-biochar + chicken manure; T4- biochar + mineral fertilization; T5-biochar + chicken manure + mineral fertilization) and three replications . The characteristics evaluated were: Height growth, stem diameter, leaf gain, height/diameter ratio, concentrations of macros (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) and micronutrients (Fe, Zn and Mn) in leaves and chemical attributes from soil. Fertilization did not influence growth variables in A. rosaeodora up to 300 days after planting. The best results in improving soil fertility occurred in treatments with the addition of biochar associated with chicken manure, reducing active (H+) and exchangeable (Al3+) soil acidity, increasing exchangeable Ca and Mg and P, Zn and mn available. Mineral fertilization in the applied dosage, in combination with biochar, made the soil more acidic and reduced the availability of other nutrients. Leaf concentrations of K and Ca increased in treatments in combination with biochar and manure, while Mn increased uptake in treatments with high acidity. In view of these results, it can be inferred that young plants of A. rosaeodora were little influenced by fertilization, indicating low nutritional requirements of the species in the initial phase of growth. Additionally, biochar alone or combined with manure proved to be an excellent soil conditioner, helping to improve its chemical characteristics.