Estimativa da recarga Subterrânea Local em um Ecossistema de Floresta Tropical na Amazônia Central, Manaus-Am

Abstract

The global water availability is directly related to innumerable natural processes, whether in the atmosphere, surface and subsurface, which are intrinsically linked to the passage of water. Each of these compartments is influenced in some way by human activities, directly or indirectly, so the importance of observation and the study of this natural resource is notably relevant. In the Amazon region, more specifically in the Central Amazon, there are few studies on aquifers, even though it is a region with immeasurable water richness, it is highly sensitive to changes in the hydrological cycle and consequently other regions may occur, so it becomes necessary continuous monitoring in these environments. Therefore, the objective of this work was to estimate an effective rate of aquifer recharge in the area of the Igarapé-Asú microbasin, comparing and evaluating the variability of aquifer recharge in the face of climate changes on a seasonal and interannual scale, thus showing the role of ecosystems in maintenance of underground reserves. For that, the water level data from the piezometers and at different topographic levels were used, in addition to the inclusion data for obtaining the direct recharge by the water level fluctuation method (WTF), and the saturated water balance was used to obtain an effective or deep recharge. The results induced that caution is required when applying the methods, in addition to the traditional factors such as depth of the saturated layer, vegetation and lithology, for the Amazon region one must take into account the intense and voluminous inclusion, in addition to factors extreme hydrological elements only in one of the largest tropical tropical areas in the world. The average direct recharge obtained was 852.5 mm / year, which is equivalent to about 38.1% of the total study area in the period from 2016 to 2019. The main contribution period for this recharge extends from November to June. For the deep recharge the average obtained was 284.5 mm / year for the analyzed period.