Estudo Fitoquímico e Biológico de Campsiandra Comosa Benth. (Fabaceae)

Abstract

This work presents data from the chemical and biological study of the hexanic and methanolic extracts of the leaves, branches and bark of the trunk from Campsiandra comosa Benth. The plant material collected was dried, ground and extracted with hexane, methanol and water consecutively, to obtain the extracts. After phytochemical analysis of the crude extracts by 1H NMR, the methanolic extract of the barks was selected and submitted to phytochemical prospection by thin layer chromatography, fractionated and isolated the respective substances: -sitosterol (a phytosterol), lupeol (a triterpene) and two flavonoids: 4’,5,7-trihydroxyflavone (apigenin) and 7,4’-dihydroxyflavone. The same method was used for the hexanic extract of the leaves in which another flavonoid was also isolated, the 3,7,4'-trimethoxy-quercetin. The isolated substances were identified by analyzing of 1H and 13C NMR spectra (uni- and bidimensional techniques) and mass spectrometry, and the data were compared with the academic literature. For the biological study of the extracts, were evaluated the toxicity, antioxidant, antibacterial and antiangiogenic potential of the methanolic and hexanic extracts of the leaves, branches and barks of C. comosa. The extracts showed atoxicity, and when their antibacterial capacity was evaluated, the highest percentage of inhibition was observed only for methanolic extracts from branches (69%) and trunk bark (52%), at a concentration of 1000 µg/mL against P. fluorescens. However, for the extracts to be considered active against the strains analyzed, they should have inhibition values ≥80%. Only the methanolic extracts showed antioxidant activity, and except for the hexanic extracts of the branches and bark, the other extracts were active in the process of angiogenic inhibition. The results achieved in this work are important data for the scientific knowledge of C. comosa highlighting the isolated substances, as well as the absence of toxicity and antiangiogenic potential of the extracts. In different contexts, one can consider the contribution to future studies, such as the chemotaxonomic analysis of the genus and the evaluation of a potential natural chemical product.