O manejo da pesca de pequena escala na Amazônia: uma perspectiva a partir da análise de sistemas socioecológicos

Abstract

Social-ecological systems (SES) are constituted in environments where geographic spaces, social actors, economic aspects, and environmental conditions interact. Fishing is a socio-ecological system where human activity changes the ecological part of the system. The nature of resources and their availability changes the social subsystem. Our study aims to analyze the SES that develops the co-management of pirarucu in Amazonas, using the tools provided by the SESMAD database. The study was carried out in the Piagaçu Purus Sustainable Development Reserve in units that manage the pirarucu in different environments: lowland and dry land. We interviewed 48 managers, seeking to characterize the socio-ecological variables highlighted as necessary for collective action, from the perspective of the resource's direct users. The methodological approach applied in the study brings news that allows the reduction of gaps associated with the comparison between case studies and the transformation of qualitative data into quantitative ones. We identified 13 third-level variables that help understand the collective action employed by users to develop the management of pirarucu. The set of variables associated with collective action is different between the environments studied. The floodplain stands out for its greater economic dependence on fishing resources. Simultaneously, the highland group has a more significant contribution from the group's governance model. Our results call attention to the effects of decentralization on the management of fisheries resources. In the face of local governance systems, pirarucu's management does not always provide equal participation and income distribution.