Potencial de distribuição espaço-temporal de anastrepha suspensa (diptera: tephritidae) e do parasitoide diachasmimorpha longicaudata (hymenoptera: braconidae) para as américas visando o controle biológico

Abstract

The fruit fly Anastrepha suspensa (Lower, 1862) (Diptera: Tephritidae), present in Central America and the Caribbean, is a quarantine pest in countries in South America, Africa, and Oceania, mainly because it attacks food commodities such as guava, peach, and citrus spp., causing serious economic losses. Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead, 1905) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a parasitoid wasp widely used in biological control programs of Tephritids, including A. suspensa. Because the climate is a limiting factor in insect distribution, we used CLIMEX to predict the potential distribution of the pest and parasitoid, the areas of overlap between the species, and the effects of climate change on the future distribution of A. suspensa. Data was collected using biological information on the thermal thresholds of each species in scientific databases and geographic location data. The data was used to create predictive maps of potential distribution in the Americas and future distribution worldwide. The model predicted climatic suitability for A. suspensa and D. longicaudata in the Caribbean and the Americas, with areas of overlap and major hosts present in areas with climatic suitability. Future prediction maps for A. suspensa show a decrease in climatically suitable areas, but areas in the Caribbean, Americas, Africa, and Oceania show high suitability by the end of the century. The predicted distribution potential can be useful to determine the locations that are most at risk for invasion of A. suspensa and the areas where preventive measures such as monitoring can be applied. and, in case of invasion, as an alternative, the use of biological control with the parasitoid wasp D. longicaudata.