Atributos químicos do solo e estado nutricional de diferentes cultivares de cafeeiro robusta (coffea canephora) no Amazonas

Abstract

Coffee is of great social and economic importance for Brazil, which stands out as the largest producer in the world. The new cultivars of the Amazonian robusta were produced from crossings between plants of the botanical varieties Conilon and Robusta, the crossings were carried out in 2003 in the experimental field of Embrapa Rondônia. One of the main limiting factors for obtaining high productivity in coffee plantations is the low fertility of the vast majority of soils in the Amazon, with fertilization being one of the main strategies to reverse this deficiency. Thus, the objective of this work is to verify the soil fertility conditions and the foliar contents of macro and micronutrients of the different cultivars of the Robusta Amazônico coffee tree (Coffea canephora), submitted to the same fertilization in Associação Solidariedade Amazonas, in the municipality of Silves in Amazonas. The selected varieties were BRS-3220, BRS-1216, BRS-3213, BRS-3210, BRS-2314, the varieties were planted in a 'line clone' system, where each planting line is formed by plants of the same genotype , each planting line evaluated was composed of 80 plants. Sampling was carried out in April 2021, when the varieties were aged 1 year and 11 months after planting. The characteristics evaluated were: Concentrations of macros (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) and micronutrients (Fe, Zn and Mn) in the leaves and the chemical attributes of the soil. As for the nutritional characterization of the varieties, the BRS-2314 presented the results below the levels accepted as essential for the coffee culture in the levels of P, Ca and Mg. In the characterization of chemical attributes, the soil under the varieties BRS-3220 and BRS-1216 presented the lowest levels of P, K, Ca, Cu and Fe in the two evaluated depths, when compared to the other coffee varieties. The evaluated area has high levels of P in the soil, possibly due to the routine use of commercial formulations, without taking into account the results of soil analysis.