Pycnoporus sanguineus (L.) Murril: Um complexo de espécies existente no neotrópico?

Abstract

Pycnoporus sanguineus has a cosmopolitan distribution and is widely found in Brazil, in a wide range of environments and has a high number of records of deposits in herbaria. However, no study to date has sought to study it with a focus on delimiting the species of the genus in the country. In this study, we investigated the existence of evolutionary units that may reveal a species complex under Pycnoporus sanguineus. Implemented an integrative data approach, characterizing the specimens in a morphological and phylogenetic analys. In addition, we revised these and other existing names in the genus Pycnoporus for their nomenclature, and we reviewed their homotypic synonyms through comparisons with protologues of the original works. Through nomenclatural, analyzes we can observe that the names in the genus lacked typifications, and we lectotypes for three of the four species in the genus, and we approach the nomenclatural history of Pycnoporus. The result of our morphological and phylogenetic analyzes using the nrITS, nrLSU and TEF-1α regions, demonstrated the existence of three species for the genus in Brazil, one of which is new to science, Pycnoporus sp. nov.. Besides, a new record of P. sanguineus in the state of Roraima, and a first record of P. puniceus in Brazil. We also present for the first time a divergence time estimated phylogenetic, which infers a diversification event during the Miocene, with P. puniceus and P. sp. nov. as that diversificated earlier. Our conclusion is de that P. sanguineus is a complex of extant species in the Neotropics and calls attention to the creation of conservation proceedings in species that are widely distributed, but may hide new species.