Taxonomia e Filogenia de Loneura Navás, 1927 (PSOCODEA: PSOCOMORPHA: PTILONEURIDAE)

Abstract

Ptiloneuridae Roesler (1940), belongs to the suborder Psocomorpha, infraorder Epipsocetae. Ptiloneuridae currently has 12 genera. Loneura Navás (1927), the target genus of this study, is one of these 12 genera and has a Neotropical distribution, from southern North America to southern Brazil. Loneura has as type species L. crenata Navás, whose holotype, collected in 1911 by the author of the species, has as type locality the city of San José, Costa Rica. The last diagnosis of Loneura was made by Gonzáles Obando et al. in 2020 for the species known so far (40) and was updated here due to the significant increase in the number of species due to the nomenclatural acts carried out in this thesis as revalidated species (eight) and new combinations (27) inserted in this genus, due to the result from the phylogenetic analysis that found a new topology for the genus, currently totaling 81 valid species. Few species were used in phylogenetic studies, moreover, since 2007, there has not been a study aimed at testing its monophyly contemplating all its species, nor the internal relationships of Loneura, nor a review of the species already described. The objectives of this study were: to update the diagnosis of Loneura; redescribing species with inadequate descriptions; describe new species, develop an identification key and develop distribution maps to update geographic records. In addition, the monophyletism of Loneura was tested, as well as the internal relationships between the species and the current groups and subgroups of species existing in the literature. As a result, all species of the genus were studied in the phylogenetic analysis, the monophyly of Loneura was not confirmed, the relationships between its species were proposed, a new infrageneric classification was also proposed based on the phylogenetic analysis, 35 species of the genus Ptiloneura Enderlein analyzed were combined with Loneura and as a result of these new combinations Loneura becomes monophyletic. Eight new species of Loneura were described and published, some were redescribed, all their species were revised, illustrated, inserted in geographic distribution maps, the species list was updated, an illustrated identification key was proposed, the generic diagnosis was updated , as well as the diagnosis for each species was also revised, updated or made for the first time, some morphological information was added, complementing the original descriptions, in addition to descriptions of the opposite sex unknown for some species.