Microclima Urbano e Ambiente Construído: Estratégias de Monitoramento e Simulação para estudo de Ilhas de Calor Urbanas em Manaus

Abstract

The urban heat island phenomenon has been intensified with urbanization growth and should be reinforced by the regional temperature increase associated with Global Climate Change. This study investigated microscale interactions involving the built environment and urban climate, with a focus on identifying, measuring, and mitigating UHI. For this purpose, an integrated approach combining fixed and mobile monitoring, as well as numerical simulations at a scale of 300m x 300m using the WRF-BEP+BEM model, was developed. The collected data includes information from various weather stations, as well as fixed sensors installed in towers, both indoors and outdoors in residential houses and apartments. Additionally, a mobile transect monitoring tool called Biciclima is also presented.The monitoring identified significant microclimate variability and confirmed the potential for UHI mitigation through the integration of the built environment and vegetated areas. In order to evaluate hypothetical scenarios, the multilevel urban model proved to be partially ready to represent the urban climate of Manaus, with improvements to be implemented in the BEM module for a better representation of local buildings. The simulations conducted revealed the ability to reduce air temperature at 2 meters by 1.4°C through adjustments in urban geometry parameters and surface cover. The simulation results were used to construct the Cont_ICU indicator, which quantifies the contribution of the built environment to local heating by calculating the difference in energy flux. It establishes a baseline of 39.43 W/m², from which the potential formation of UHI is characterized.