O enigmático multicolorido sapo Adelphobates galactonotus: predação, dinâmica social e divulgação através da arte

Abstract

Adelphobates galactonotus is a poisonous and multicoloured frog endemic to Brazil, especially in the Amazon deforestation arc. Its populations form a mosaic of diverse colours, with colours restricted to each population and without a well-defined geographical pattern. The enigma of the origin and maintenance of its colour diversity has yet to be unravelled. We sought to test hypotheses regarding selective predation (Chapter 1), sexual selection, differential behaviour, and social structure (Chapter 2) in A. galactonotus of three different colours. Additionally, we engaged in outreach actions for the species using various artistic languages (Chapter 3) to raise awareness for the species and its habitat. The study reveals that colour diversification in Adelphobates galactonotus does not seem to be related to selective predation, sexual selection, or differential behaviour among localities. We did not detect predatory bias regarding the species' dorsal colouring, with birds and mammals equally attacking both local and non-local colours. Individuals of different colours and populations reproduced, fought, and communicated without separation or difference between colours. Sound, visual, and tactile communication occurred during courtship, fights, and grouping for rest. The group organised into a female dominance hierarchy based on aggression. Fighting was more favourable for reproductive success than being a popular frog. Tadpoles exhibited cannibalism, and there was evidence of egg cannibalism by non-parental females. In disseminating results to schools, the visual approach allowed for a significant understanding of frog interactions in their natural habitat, with children showing interest in the ecological and behavioural aspects of the species. Exposure to different forms of art positively influenced perception.