Secagem e extração do óleo das sementes de andiroba (carapa surinamensis miq. e carapa guianensisaubl.)

Abstract

The objective of this study was to describe the drying kinetics of the seeds of two species of andiroba and oil extraction procedures by the press method in the states of Amazonas and Rondônia and even compare the quality and quantity of extractable oil under different management conditions seeds. Seeds were used of the two species of andiroba (C. surinamensis e C. guianensis) collected in plantations in Rondônia. The drying kinetics of the two species was carried out by the methods of forced ventilation oven and solar dryer using whole seeds with shells. The andiroba oil extraction procedures were raised from the application of a questionnaire cooperatives in the states of Amazonas and Rondônia. A comparison of the quantity and quality of extracting oil for both species was carried out by extracting using dried almonds in an oven at different temperatures (40, 60 and 80°C) and humidity (6, 8 and 10%) and pressed. Oil quality was determined by analysis of acidity, peroxide, iodine and saponification. The seeds of C. surinamensis dried in less time and reached equilibrium water content of less than C. guianensis on both drying methods. The mathematical models that best fit were the Midilli and logarithmic. Management procedures and drying of andiroba seeds varied among the surveyed cooperatives, which reflected in the quantity and quality of extracting oil. The plants of Amazonas and Rondônia had acidity ranging from 36,19 to 98,58 mg KOH g-1 and peroxide value from 0,76 to 1,86 meq kg-1 of oil. C. surinamensis released more oil to C. guianensis at different temperatures and moisture levels tested, but had acid value (3,37 to 12,52 mg KOH g-1) largest to C. guianensis (2,14 to 4,74 mg KOH g-1). The largest amount of extractable oil from two kinds of andiroba was obtained with the drying of the beans at 40oC to 10% moisture content compared to other treatments and plants evaluated in Amazonas and Rondônia.