Caracterização e mapeamento da vegetação e uso do solo da reserva Extrativista do Baixo Juruá, Amazonas

Abstract

The Extractivist Reserves have been a show window for the world-wide movement for the devolution of the land control of areas of tropical forests for the traditional communities. The justification of this movement is that the land devolution of tropical forests would increase the possibilities of promotion of the sustainable development. The alliance enters the techniques of the remote sensing and the biophysical pointers can be valuable for studies of diagnose and monitoring, as a tool that fills the abyss between global and the local studies, answering to the necessities of the borrowers of decision and managers. The present work intends to consider a characterization of the natural resources of the Extractivist Reserve of the Baixo Juruá using techniques of remote sensing and data of collection of field and Forest Inventory, discriminating the different landscapes of the RESEX and quantifying its lumber potential. The data used in this work had been images of satellite (Landsat 5TM), radar (SRTM) and data of carried through forest inventories for the implantation of the Plan of Handling of the RESEX of the Baixo Juruá. The images of satellite and radar were preprocessed and had been adjusted. From the satellite images, had been derived fraction images of soil, shade and vegetation using the technique of linear model of spectral mixture. Of the radar image hypsometric and declivity maps had been generated. The fraction images, the maps and the 7 bands of the satellite had served of input data in a classification for decision tree, to generate the map of covering of the ground of the Rexes of the Baixo- Juruá. 9 classrooms of vegetal covering and use of the ground had been gotten. The most used variable in the distinction of the classrooms had been the fraction images. The SRTM was basic in the separation of the flooded forests of the terra-firme. The global accuracy of the classification was 93,4%, and the Kappa statistics it was of 0,92. In this evaluation a great area of forest knocked down for natural riot (Blowdown) of 400 ha was detected, approximately next to the city of Juruá. In the fraction image of shade spots of forest with different values of shade fraction had been detected. In field it was verified that these spots correspond to monospecific population pertaining to the genera Discocarpus sp.