Fenologia em ambiente urbano, morfologia da semente e da plântula e germinação sob condições adversas de Cenostigma tocantinum Ducke

Abstract

Cenostigma tocantinum Ducke is a species of the Leguminosae family that occurs in all Amazon region at firm land, has rapid growth, leaves that provides efficient shadows and root system not much aggressive. It is being used in the arborization of cities, for presenting beyond these attractive characteristics, aesthetic beauty. The objectives of this work had been: to evaluate the phenologic behavior of C. tocantinum under different conditions of handling; to describe and illustrate the morphology of the seed and seedling; to evaluate the tolerance of seeds to the drying and the cooling; and to evaluate the effect of the imbibition, followed of the drying of the seeds. The phenology was made in two groups of plants (pruned and not pruned), during twelve months, in public ways of the city of Manaus (AM). From samplings of fruits and seeds the dimensions of these had been evaluated, as well as were observed the morphology of seedling. It was evaluated viability and the vigor of seeds stored with different texts of water (19%, 15% and 9%), associated to different temperatures (26ºC, 5ºC and -18ºC) and periods (0, 1, 2 and 3 months). It was analysed viability and the vigor of seeds imbibed for different periods (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours), followed of drying. The budding of C. tocantinum, for the pruned and not pruned plants, was continuous all during the period of research, while the fruition occurred during the period of lesser precipitation and bigger insolation. During the period of bigger precipitation the pruned plants had higher percentage of individuals with emissions of flower buds and flowers at anthesis. Independent of the handling (pruned or not), during all the year, it had mature leaf predominance, as well as, in lesser scale, emission and loss of leaves. The fruits and seeds had had little variation in its dimensions. The germination is of the type phanero-epigea and began from the third day after the sowing. The storage of the seeds with degree of high humidity and temperature revealed harmful to the viability of the seeds. The germination and the vigor of the seeds was not much influenced by the temperature when the humidity degree was reduced. The slowest imbibition and the period of 36 hours had favored the conditioning of the seeds.