Produção de óleo-resina de copaíba em áreas de exploração de bauxita e sua importância para comunidades quilombolas da região do Rio Trombetas - PA

Abstract

This work intended to study natural populations of copaíba (Copaifera sp.) in Porto Trombetas-PA, to the support sustainable management and the exploitation of oil-resin by the remnants of maroon communities from Trombetas river. The 100% forest inventory was made to describe population structure and the extraction of oleoresin in order to quantify potential production in the study area and its importance for the maroon communities. The inventoried area was 234.51 hectares (ha) with a density of 38.15 copaiba units per hectare, counting from seedlings to adults: in the slope a total area of 99.88 ha and a density of 41.16 ha-1 was inventoried and in the valley an area of 134.63 ha and a density of 35.91 ha-1 was inventoried. The efficiency percentage of establishment of individuals from natural regeneration categories to adults allows the population maintenance in the study area. The density of adults (DBH ≥ 10 cm) was 0.49 ha-1 with an aggregated spatial distribution pattern: in the slope the density was 0.55 ha-1 and in the valley it was 0.45 ha-1. The density of individuals with potential production of oleoresin (DBH ≥ 30 cm) was 0.28 ha-1 with an average production of oleoresin from 0.714 ± 0.218 liters and presenting no significant difference between valley and hillside oilresin production. The production of oilresin was obtained in 58% of DBH ≥ 30 cm individuals with an average of 1.190 ± 0.355 liters. Results of the "Participatory Rural Diagnostic" showed that most important productive activities income-generating for maroon communities from Trombetas river were the extraction of Copaiba followed by the collection of nuts (Bertholletia excelsa) and the manufacture of cassava flour (Manihot utilíssima), pointing to the cumulative and not exclusionary characteristic of their different incomes and livelihood.