Propagação vegetativa de três espécies florestais utilizando estacas de grande porte

Abstract

The effects of disturbances, caused by human actions in the Amazon forest, can be minimized with the restoration of degraded areas, where if you are looking to restore part of the local biodiversity, and facilitate the restoration of the forest ecosystem. Methods such as planting trees, nucleation, conduct and management of natural regeneration induce and/or accelerate the natural succession by promoting the restoration of degraded area. The use of large stakes is potentially useful to the restoration of degraded areas, because it can restore in short time some functional aspects, such as the shading of the soil by copa stakes and resting places for seed dispersers. Promoting, in this way, a micro-habitat more suitable for the natural regeneration of the soil seed bank, in addition to reduce competition with invasive species shade intolerant.However, they have been rarely applied, because there is little information on species that can be propagated by large stakes, and so need to be defined species with this capability. This thesis aims to evaluate the vegetative propagation by large stakes with different classes of diameter and depth of planting, two native forest species from the Amazon (Spondias mombin L. and Pseudobombax munguba (Mart. & Zucc.) Dugand) and a species naturalized (Hibiscus tiliaceus L.) originating in the Pacific Islands, with recognized potential. We used 60 stakes for each species with 1 m in length, distributed in three classes of diameter (1.5.0, 3.0-4.5 and 4.5- 6.0 cm) and two depths of planting (30 and 60 cm). The stakes were planted in PVC tubes placed vertically in a pond in full sun containing latosolo yellow of low fertility obtained of the B-horizon of the soil, similar to the soils present in most degraded areas in this region. We evaluated variables such as mortality and number of shoots per cutting weekly for 7 months, and biomass shoot and root and total biomass at the end of the experiment. The experimental design was a completely randomized factorial 3 x 2, for each species. Spondias mombin and pseudobombax munguba presented low or no presence of leaves and roots at the end of the experiment. The conditions of the experiment did not allow the development of roots of two native species and submitted a few budding only during the first few months. It is suggested that new studies are conducted, taking into consideration the use of a larger diameter of the stakes. However, the stakes of Hibiscus tiliaceus, regardless of the diameter of the stake (1.5 to 6.0 cm) or the planting depth (30 cm or 60 cm), had a high survival and development of roots and a canopy over the course of seven months, even buried in an oxisol, poor in nutrients and under extreme conditions of light and temperature. In this way, the species may be considered easy vegetative propagation and a candidate to be used in the form of stakes in large companies in the restoration of degraded areas in this region.