Análise genética em variedades crioulas de pimenta murupi (capsicum chinense jacq.) da Amazônia

Abstract

The Murupi pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) is a pungent species more cultivated and consumed in the Amazon. Because of this great need to conserve genetic resources, studies of diversity are fundamental to the success of breeding programs of this species. This study aimed to analyze the genetic variability of 20 landraces Murupi pepper (Capsicum chinense Jaqc.) originating from different regions of the Amazon. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station of Vegetables INPA in Manaus, AM, on soil type Acrisol Alic, sandy texture. We adopted the experimental design of randomized blocks with 20 treatments (varieties of peppers) with three replications. The experimental unit consisted of five plants in each plot. For the characterization of varieties were nine quantitative descriptors: Shoot diameter (DC), plant height (PH), crown width (CW), fruit length (FL), fruit diameter (FD), thickness of the fruit wall (EPF), number of fruits / plant (MFN), average fruit weight (MMF) and the estimated mass of fruits (MEF). On quantitative data conducted univariate and multivariate estimates of dissimilarity measures, phenotypic correlation coefficients (rF), genotypic (rG) and environmental (rA), clustering between landraces pepper (VCPs), using the generalized Mahalanobis distances (D2) and the Nearest Neighbor method (VMP). The analysis of variance detected significant differences between all traits. With the number of 685.5 plant-1 and estimated production of fruits de1919, 4 g plant-1, the original VCP17 the Amazonian city of Manipur stood out among the others. The biggest and smallest genetic distances were found, respectively, between VCP17 and VCP5 (146,136.02) and VCP4 and VCP8 (870.52), originating in Manipur and Uatumã São Sebastião and São Gabriel da Cachoeira and Putumayo. In the dendrogram formed by a cut in the x-axis of 50% relative distance between the VCPs six groups were identified by the method VMP. Group I constituted a large group, meeting 50% of VCPS. Groups IV, V and VI isolates were represented respectively by VPC18, VCP27 and VPC22, coming from Carauari / AM, Yurimagua / Peru and Canutama / AM. The feature that most distinguished VCP18. The other was the size of the fruit, above 6 cm. The 36 sets of coefficients associated characters presented Phenotypic (RF) and genetic (rG) with the same signs and similar levels of significance and higher. In 100% of cases and rF rG correlations were higher than the correlations environment. Among yield components, a very strong correlation between the number of fruits per plant (NFT) and the estimated mass of fruits (MEF) (rG = 0.96 **) was significant at the 1% level of probability. Overall the characters AP, LC, EP, and CF were responsible for yield in number and estimated production of fruits. With this genetic basis found these VCPs, genotypes can be selected for immediate cultivation by farmers of the state of Amazonas and to use them in breeding programs pepper to Amazon.