Camu-camu arbustivo (Myrciaria dubia) e camu-camu arbóreo (M. floribunda): enxertia intraespecífica e interespecífica

Abstract

The camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia (H.B.K.) McVaugh) is a shrubby indigenous fruit species found in the floodplains of Amazonia. The species is commonly propagated by seeds, and consequently shows considerable variation in age of bearing, production cycle, fruit yields and Vitamin C contents. Myrciaria floribunda (West ex Willd.) O. Berg is a small tree that occurs less frequently in the region. The present study was carried out at the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (Manaus, AM) and evaluated different types of grafting, and intraspecific and interspecific compatibility between shrubby and arboreal camu-camu to obtain cloned plants of both. To achieve this, four experiments were installed: a) Cloning of shrubby camu-camu on shrubby and arboreal camu-camu rootstocks in a randomized complete blocks design arranged as a 4 (types of grafting) x 2 (rootstock species) factorial plan, with 4 replicates, each block composed of propagative material obtained from a different plant; b) Cloning of arboreal camu-camu on arboreal rootstocks in a randomized complete blocks design, with 5 treatments (types of grafting) and 5 replicates, each block composed of propagative material obtained from a different tree; c) Cloning of shrubby camu-camu on shrubby and arboreal camu-camu rootstocks employing grafting and budding in a completely randomized design arranged as a 3 (types of grafting) x 2 (rootstock species) factorial plan, with 4 replicates; d) Cloning of arboreal camu-camu on arboreal and shrubby camu-camu rootstocks in a completely randomized design arranged as a 3 (types of grafting) x 2 (rootstock species) factorial plan, with 4 replicates. a) M. dubia was a better rootstock for itself (78,4%) than was M. floribunda (49,3%); as for the type of grafting, side cleft graft, 89,3%, was the best, side-tongue graft, 79,3%, cleft graft, 51,6%, and whip and tongue graft, 31,5%. b) M. floribunda grafted on itself responded differently for each type of grafting method (side cleft graft, 60,0%; chip budding, 53,3%; side-tongue graft, 46,7%; cleft graft, 10,0%; and whip and tongue graft, 3,3%). c) M. floribunda (56.7%) and M. dubia (52,5%) presented no significant difference as rootstocks for M. dubia, with differences for type of grafting method (side-tongue graft, 45,0%; chip budding, 56,2%; and side cleft graft, 62,5%). d) M. floribunda, used as scion source, appeared to be inadequate for grafting, apparently due to inability form callus bridge . In conclusion: a) M. dubia and M. floribunda presented no serious signs of intraspecific and interspecific grafting incompatibility; b) Side-tongue graft, side cleft graft and chip budding presented the best results in both M. dubia and M. floribunda; and c) Half-sib progenies of M. floribunda showed variable behavior with regard to callus formation and intraspecific and interspecific grafting take.