Bovinocultura na Amazônia: evolução e suas implicações como atividade econômica no Amazonas. (o caso nos eixos rodoviários AM-070 e AM-010 e a Ilha do Careiro da Várzea)

Abstract

The livestock occupation of Amazonian lands retraces the time upon of European settling, but was after of middle of XX century, that growth the amazonian cattle flocks, converting it in environmental problem, that coincided with constructions of the greats roadways, had given access to new way of occupation of lands into the region, and still grown by the incentives tax that favored the installation of great cattle ranches also, and so that, these had stimulated the agrarian lands speculation. The survey was carried out on farms that have bovines like important economy aim like productive strategy of the productive unit (UP). The region of this study was composed for tilled plain area, represented it by Island of Careiro da Várzea, and landscape area, considered by the UPs next to the roads axles: Manaus-Itacoatiara (AM-010) and Manaus- Manacapuru (AM-070). The process of bovine production into this region is characterized for complex uses of factors of production that induce the UPs to systems more extensive. A trend can be evidenced in producers or his family to sale her force of work to outside of own UP, inducing to more extensive use of lands, and making that the rationality of the farmer tent to maximizing his profits trough more degree of use of land, like non deficitary factor, diminishing the use of human force, as deficitary factor. Two systems had met (extensive and semi-intensive) that had comparated with differents productive rationalities. These can be detach: Semi-intensive dairy pasturing system- SCPSIL; Double purpose in semi-intensive pasturing system- SDAPSI; Reproduction in improved pasturing system- SSIRPM; Extensive create-fattening in transhumance pasturing system- SECRPT; Extensive create-fattening on native grass- SECEP. Into the zootechnics index score that could be extracted of UPs detach, as more importants, the capacity of pasture tax (support) above of the national average, but the age to first calf birth and interval between calf births bellows, than comparated with similar systems, as well as, the dairy cow production and cattle tax by UP also, and high calves mortality, specially in landscape UPs.