A agrobiodiversidade de quintais agroflorestais em propriedades agrícolas familiares na BR 174, Ramal do Pau-Rosa, Manaus, AM

Abstract

Among the traditional systems of land use in the tropical region, the homegardens form an important conservation of agrobiodiversity strategy, production of food for subsistence and income generation, and soil conservation. This study aims to analyze the influence of socioeconomic factors, the floristic composition and fertility of soils homegardens established in upland areas of the Central Amazon. We selected 20 family farms in Pau-rosa Extension in Tarumã-Mirim Settlement, in Manaus - AM, who had gardens fully active. We conducted a survey of socioeconomic data of families, the measurement of the area of the homegardens and the listing of all species grown in them, with their main uses and growth habits. We sampling and soil analysis of homegardens and adjacent areas for comparison of fertility between environments. Thus, the homegardens had an average area of 1.5 ha, with amplitudes ranging from 0.3 ha to 3.9 ha. The agrosystems behave on average 2.7 people per household. We found a low presence of young children in extension, where 57% of residents have over 50 years of age. Agriculture is the main source of income in only 35% of the properties. We recorded 241 plant species from 70 plant families, intended for 18 different uses. Fruit plants, main components of yards, more frequent and abundant were açaí, cupuaçu, peach palm, coconut, mango and banana. While diversity indices show that the less equitable homegardens are oriented marketing. They were shown three types of gardens: those who produce food for subsistence, those who are market oriented and those who had mixed activity backyards, aimed at the production of livestock. Soils from backyards and other land use systems in adjacent areas had an average pH value of less than 5.0. Concentrations of Ca2 +, Mg2+ and K+ in all areas were deficient. And organic matter levels were median (> 37.0 g kg-1).