Desenvolvimento e nodulação natural de progênies de feijão-de-asa (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L) DC. - fabaceae) em solo argissolo vermelho amarelo da Amazônia central

Abstract

The global biodiversity of legumes (Fabaceae) comprises a diverse set of food species and other species used for the most diverse purposes, especially because of the property of many of the species that constitute the family, it must symbiotically bind N2 to soil bacterium of the rhizobia group, Through the formation of root nodules. Some species may have increased cultivation in family farms in Central Amazon, but require selection of germplasm adapted to local soil and climatic conditions. The objective of this research was to evaluate the development and natural nodulation of winged bean progenies (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus), cultivated in the soils of the Red-Yellow Argisol. The experiment was carried out at the Inpa Vegetable Experiment Station in Manaus, AM, at a spacing of 1 x 1.5 m, to evaluate agronomically 10 progenies from an interbreed between three different varieties. The evaluation of natural nodulation, biomass production and nitrogen content in the plants was carried out at the peak of flowering at six months after cultivation. At seven months an evaluation of the production of pods and seeds produced was also carried out. The experimental design was the randomized blocks with 10 treatments (the progenies) and three replicates of 10 plants. The agronomic performance and natural nodulation observed in the progenies did not identify large differences in the germplasm studied. The nodulation of the plants in the studied soil promoted an efficient symbiosis, with foliar nitrogen concentrations higher than 4% in all progenies. Branch length, N uptake and biomass production of fresh shoots was greater than 10 t ha-1 at six months after cultivation, verified in Progeny 9, and has potential for cultivation in the region. Rapid growth, fresh biomass production and symbiotic N2 fixing efficiency suggest a better agronomic utilization of the common bean as well as a fertilizer plant in agrosystems.