Caracterização física, química e espectroscópica do biocarvão em Latossolo Amarelo distrófico da Amazônia Central

Abstract

The objective of the present work was to investigate the effect of different doses of biochar as a soil conditioner. The Amazonian latosols are known for the low level of fertility and high levels of oxides and hydroxides of iron, aluminum and low activity of the clay minerals, predominating kaolinite. However, anthropogenic soils known as Terra Preta de Índio (TPI) are found that present great potential for the development of sustainable family agriculture. Most TPI soils contain fragments of pyrogenic carbon from some anthropogenic activity. The presence of these fragments improves the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the soil. In order to reproduce some characteristics and properties of these anthropic soils, it was proposed to add biocarbon to Latosol at doses of 0, 40, 80 and 120 t ha-1 (T0, T1, T2 and T3 respectively). The use of Materials Science tools such as FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy can elucidate the nature of pyrolysed biomass and how it can interfere with soil fertility. In addition, it can clarify how bio-carbon contributes to the increase of the cation exchange capacity (CEC), elucidation of its chemical characteristics and how it can act in the development of a sustainable agriculture model for the humid tropics. It was possible to observe that the FT-IR spectra were similar between the treatments and that the bio-carbon exhibits similar crystallinity to the carbons of TPI as could be seen by the Raman spectra. Biocarbon provided an increase in the available organic and phosphorus levels, which in the 0-10 cm depth had the following values: in the control 12.29 g kg -1 and 6.58 mg dm -1, and in T3 the values of 17.35 g kg-1 and 9.41 mg dm-1 with linear behavior in relation to the application of biochar, having the same behavior for the values of total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (NT) and CEC.