Comunidade e dinâmica populacional de cigarrinhas (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) e seus parasitoides de ovos (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) em pomares cítricos no Amazonas, Brasil

Abstract

It was developed a study about the leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) in citrus crops in Amazonas state, Brazil, where the leafhoppers community was distinguished according to its composition and diversity. The influence of climatic and phenological variables upon the abundance, richness and species composition was evaluated. The population fluctuation of predominant leafhoppers was studied with the aim to analyze the influence of climatic variables on the population dynamics of these leafhoppers. It was also studied the natural eggs parasitism of Proconiini leafhoppers, where it was calculated the percentage of parasitism and parasitoids species were morphologically characterized. The study occurred at citrus orchards in Amazonas state, within the municipalities of Manacapuru, Manaus and Rio Preto da Eva. The study of leafhoppers community and population fluctuation occurred in a citrus orchard in Manacapuru and two orchards in Rio Preto da Eva, and, the collections for parasitoids - hosts association occurred in two orchards in Manacapuru, one in Manaus and two in Rio Preto da Eva. Three new occurrences of leafhoppers were registered in Brazil: Dilobopterus croceus (Metcalf), Dilobopterus manni Young e Macugonalia umbrosa Young. The species Cardioscarta quadrifasciata (L.), Catagonalia sp. nov., Dilobopterus exaltatus (Fabricius), D. manni, Erythrogonia sexguttata (Fabricius), Microgoniella sp. 1, Cicadellini sp. 1, Cicadellini sp. 2, Oncometopia clarior (Walker) and Oncometopia sp. 1 were considered predominant at the studied orchards, therefore, they are important as potential vectors of Xylella fastidiosa Wells, in case the Citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) spreads among the Amazonas state orchards. The predominant species population fluctuation study demonstrated that most species maintained their population constant throughout the observed period. Four of these species, C. quadrifasciata, D. exaltatus and Microgoniella sp.1 (UAM), and Oncometopia sp.1 (UARP I) were influenced by maximum temperature and precipitation. Five species of eggs parasitoids, from Mymaridae and Trichogrammatidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) families, were registered acting on the natural control of Proconiini leafhopper in the analyzed citrus orchards. In Mymaridae there were three species identified, Cosmocomoidea atriclava (Girault), Cosmocomoidea triguttata (Girault) and Cosmocomoidea uat (Triapitsyn) where the occurrence of C. triguttata corresponds to the first register in Brazil. And, in Trichogrammatidae, there were obtained two new species, Burksiella sp. nov.1 and Burksiella sp. nov. 2. The host leafhoppers were identified as Acrogonia virescens (Metcalf), Oncometopia clarior (Walker) and Oncometopia sp.1.