Tabanus Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera: Tabanidae): análise filogenética com ênfase nas espécies neotropicais e taxonomia do grupo de espécies relacionadas à Tabanus trivittatus Fabricius

Abstract

In chapter one is employed a phylogenetic analysis of the widespread genus Tabanus Linnaeus. The genus possess great species richness (ca. 1350 valid species) and its non-monophyletic status has already been suggested by several authors, however, no modern phylogenetic methods have been used to address the relationships of the genus with a comprehensive sample. Anchored enrichment was used to acquire 193 loci for phylogenomic analysis of 35 Tabanus species. Additionally a morphological matrix for 88 terminal taxa was built from internal and external characters. Both molecular and morphological datasets sustain the aphyly of Tabanus with a Neotropical origin for the Tabanini tribe. Based on these results three new genera endemic to the Neotropic are proposed - Chephalogongylus gen.n, Rhinoderus gen.n., Tapirotabanus gen. n., - and revalidate on genus - Chelotabanus stat. rev. A subsample of the phylogenomic dataset was used to estimate the divergence times for the Tabanus group with origin during the Paleocene/Eocene boundary, and diversification of some of the new Neotropical genera with amazonian distribution, during the Miocene. In chapter two the group of species related to Tabanus trivittatus which include horse flies with striped abdomens and partially bare, inflated, subcallus is revised. Five new species are described raising the number of valid species from 15 to 20, four of which occur in Brazil: T. albocapilus sp. n., T. dorsorufus sp. n., T. mackerrasi sp. n., T. macrocerus sp. n. and one that occur in Brazil, Bolivia and Peru: T. noncallosus sp. n. The keys from Fairchild (1976) are modified for both sexes and the female terminalia briefly discussed.