Taxonomia e Biologia de Ilyobius Enderlein, 1910 (Megaloptera: Sialidae) no Brasil

Abstract

Ilyobius Enderlein, 1910 together with the Protosialis Van der Weele, 1909 are the only genera of Sialidinae occurring in the Neotropical region. To date, only Ilyobius has been registered in Brazil, with three species. The genus is composed of 12 species, known practically, only in the adult stage, because the larva of only one species, Ilyobius chilensis McLachlan, 1981, is formally described an illustrated. Of the three species that occur in the country, only Ilyobius flammatus Penny, 1981 has the known larva, but not formally described. Considering the lack of knowledge about Ilyobius in Brazil, this study aimed to increase the taxonomic and biological knowledge about species of this genus in Brazil. The collections were planned, mainly, considering evidence of larvae found in the literature. Low-order streams located in the North (Amazonas, Pará, Tocantins), Central-West (Mato Grosso, Federal District), Southeastern (Minas Gerais, São Paulo) and Southern (Rio Grande do Sul) regions were sampled. A total of 163 larvae of the genus were collected, 150 were raised under laboratory conditions and 60 reached the adult stage. Adults were collected with Malaise traps installed under the water courses. As a result of the present study, larva and pupa of I. flammatus and I. hauseri were described and illustrated; six new species for Science were described and illustrated based on adults, larvae, pupae and two morphotypes. Biological informations was collected and the geographical distribution was showed for each species/morphotype. A key illustrated to identify adult males of the 15 Neotropical species (including the new species described here), and a key illustrated to identify last-stage larval of 11 species (including two morphotypes) were elaborated. The I. hauseri neotype was designated and the I. flammatus female was described and illustrated. In this work, the number of species of Ilyobius in Brazil increases from three to nine, and the results indicate that the diversity of Sialidade in Brazil is much larger than the one known, considering that with few localities sampled in the country, the number of known species practically doubled