Riqueza e composição de briófitas e pteridófitas entre campinarana e terra firme em duas localidades na Amazônia Central, Brasil

Abstract

The bryophytes and pteridophytes comprise an artificial group called cryptogamae which are plants that reproduce by spores and the present bryophytes are a paraphyletic group composed of three lineages. The pteridophytes comprise two lineages of plants the licophytes and the ferns. This work had as objective to analyze the richness and composition of bryophytes and pteridophytes between white sand and terra firme forests at two localities in Central Amazonia. The samples were collected in 16 plots of 500 m² each located in two sample sites in the northern state of Amazonas: Sussuarana falls and Reserva Ducke. The plots were divided into eight for each sampling site, four on white sand and four in terra firme. The collected samples were incorporated into INPA, HFSL and UPCB herbaria. A total of 146 species (101 bryophytes and 45 pteridophytes) were identified. The most diverse bryophyte families were Lejeuneaceae and Calymperaceae, while for the pteridophytes were Hymenophyllaceae and Polypodiaceae. The plots of white sand forest on this regional scale were more diverse than the terra firme plots. For the pteridophytes it was observed that the composition of species were influenced by the habitat change, and the plots of the same phytophysiognomy (white sand and terra firme) were more similar to each other, even though they were more geographically distant, this did not occur clearly in the bryophytes where especially the plots of white sand tended to be less similar due to the geographic distance. It was also observed that there was a positive correlation between richness of bryophytes and pteridophytes.