Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/14735
Title: Effects of sample size on estimates of population growth rates calculated with matrix models
Authors: Fiske, Ian J.
Bruna, Emilio M.
Bolker, Benjamin M.
Keywords: Accuracy
Controlled Study
Demography
Growth Rate
Mathematical Computing
Mathematical Model
Matrix Model
Nonhuman
Plant Density
Population Growth
Population Research
Population Size
Population Structure
Sample Size
Species Distribution
Statistical Analysis
Survival Rate
Biological Model
Classification
Cytology
Epidemiology
Fertility
Observer Variation
Plant
Plant Physiology
Population Density
Population Dynamics
Population Growth
Sample Size
Statistical Model
Demography
Fertility
Models, Biological
Models, Statistical
Observer Variation
Plant Physiological Phenomena
Plants
Population Density
Population Dynamics
Population Growth
Sample Size
Sampling Studies
Issue Date: 2008
metadata.dc.publisher.journal: PLoS ONE
metadata.dc.relation.ispartof: Volume 3, Número 8
Abstract: Background: Matrix models are widely used to study the dynamics and demography of populations. An important but overlooked issue is how the number of individuals sampled influences estimates of the population growth rate (λ) calculated with matrix models. Even unbiased estimates of vital rates do not ensure unbiased estimates of λ-Jensen's Inequality implies that even when the estimates of the vital rates are accurate, small sample sizes lead to biased estimates of λ due to increased sampling variance. We investigated if sampling variability and the distribution of sampling effort among size classes lead to biases in estimates of λ. Methodology/Principal Findings: Using data from a long-term field study of plant demography, we simulated the effects of sampling variance by drawing vital rates and calculating λ for increasingly larger populations drawn from a total population of 3842 plants. We then compared these estimates of λ with those based on the entire population and calculated the resulting bias. Finally, we conducted a review of the literature to determine the sample sizes typically used when parameterizing matrix models used to study plant demography. Conclusions/Significance: We found significant bias at small sample sizes when survival was low (survival=0.5), and that sampling with a more-realistic inverse J-shaped population structure exacerbated this bias. However our simulations also demonstrate that these biases rapidly become negligible with increasing sample sizes or as survival increases. For many of the sample sizes used in demographic studies, matrix models are probably robust to the biases resulting from sampling variance of vital rates. However, this conclusion may depend on the structure of populations or the distribution of sampling effort in ways that are unexplored. We suggest more intensive sampling of populations when individual survival is low and greater sampling of stages with high elasticities. © 2008 Fiske et al.
metadata.dc.identifier.doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003080
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