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Title: | Global patterns of interaction specialization in bird–flower networks |
Authors: | Zanata, Thais Bastos Dalsgaard, Bo Passos, Fernando C. COTTON, PETER A. Roper, James J. Maruyama, Pietro Kiyoshi Fischer, Erich Schleuning, Matthias Martín González, Ana M. Vizentin-Bugoni, Jeferson Franklin, Donald C. Abrahamczyk, Stefan Alarcón, Ruben Araujo, Andréa Cardoso de Araújo, Francielle Paulina Azevedo Júnior, Severino Mde Baquero, Andrea C. Böhning-Gaese, Katrin Carstensen, Daniel Wisbech Chupil, Henrique Coelho, Aline Góes Faria, R. R. Ho?ák, David Ingversen, Tanja Toftemark Jane?ek, Št?pán Kohler, Glauco Lara, Carlos Las-Casas, Flor Maria Guedes Lopes, Ariadna Valentina Machado, Adriana Oliveira Machado, Caio Graco Machado, I. C. Maglianesi, María Alejandra Malucelli, Tiago Simões Mohd-Azlan, Jayasilan Moura, Alan Cerqueira Oliveira, Genilda M. Oliveira, Paulo E. Ornelas, J. F. Riegert, Jan Rodrigues, Licléia da Cruz Rosero-Lasprilla, Liliana Rui, Ana Maria Sazima, Marlies And I. Schmid, Baptiste Sedlá?ek, Ond?ej Timmermann, Allan Vollstädt, Maximilian G.R. Wang, Zhiheng Watts, Stella Rahbek, Carsten Varassin, Isabela Galarda |
Keywords: | Bird Global Perspective Niche Overlap Ornithophily Passerine Phenotype Plant-herbivore Interaction Pollination Specialization Africa Asia Australia North America South America Animalsia Aves Meliphagidae Trochilidae |
Issue Date: | 2017 |
metadata.dc.publisher.journal: | Journal of Biogeography |
metadata.dc.relation.ispartof: | Volume 44, Número 8, Pags. 1891-1910 |
Abstract: | Aim: Among the world's three major nectar-feeding bird taxa, hummingbirds are the most phenotypically specialized for nectarivory, followed by sunbirds, while the honeyeaters are the least phenotypically specialized taxa. We tested whether this phenotypic specialization gradient is also found in the interaction patterns with their floral resources. Location: Americas, Africa, Asia and Oceania/Australia. Methods: We compiled interaction networks between birds and floral resources for 79 hummingbird, nine sunbird and 33 honeyeater communities. Interaction specialization was quantified through connectance (C), complementary specialization (H2′), binary (QB) and weighted modularity (Q), with both observed and null-model corrected values. We compared interaction specialization among the three types of bird–flower communities, both independently and while controlling for potential confounding variables, such as plant species richness, asymmetry, latitude, insularity, topography, sampling methods and intensity. Results: Hummingbird–flower networks were more specialized than honeyeater–flower networks. Specifically, hummingbird–flower networks had a lower proportion of realized interactions (lower C), decreased niche overlap (greater H2′) and greater modularity (greater QB). However, we found no significant differences between hummingbird– and sunbird–flower networks, nor between sunbird– and honeyeater–flower networks. Main conclusions: As expected, hummingbirds and their floral resources have greater interaction specialization than honeyeaters, possibly because of greater phenotypic specialization and greater floral resource richness in the New World. Interaction specialization in sunbird–flower communities was similar to both hummingbird–flower and honeyeater–flower communities. This may either be due to the relatively small number of sunbird–flower networks available, or because sunbird–flower communities share features of both hummingbird–flower communities (specialized floral shapes) and honeyeater–flower communities (fewer floral resources). These results suggest a link between interaction specialization and both phenotypic specialization and floral resource richness within bird–flower communities at a global scale. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd |
metadata.dc.identifier.doi: | 10.1111/jbi.13045 |
Appears in Collections: | Artigos |
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