Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/17624
Title: New tools and insights to assist with the molecular identification of Simulium guianense s.l., main Onchocerca volvulus vector within the highland areas of the Amazonia onchocerciasis focus
Authors: Crainey, James Lee
Mattos-Glória, Aline
Hamada, Neusa
Luz, Sérgio Luíz Bessa
Keywords: Cytochrome C Oxidase
Internal Transcribed Spacer 1
Internal Transcribed Spacer 2
Ribosome Dna
Cytogenetics
Disease Transmission
Dna
Genetic Isolation
Polymorphism
Controlled Study
Cytochrome Oxidase Gene
Dna Barcoding
Dna Determination
Dna Fragmentation
Dna Sequence
Gene
Gene Isolation
Gene Targeting
Genetic Variability
Nonhuman
Nucleotide Sequence
Onchocerca Volvulus
Onchocerciasis
Parasite Identification
Parasite Vector
Phylogenetic Tree
Promoter Region
Simulium
Simulium Guianense
Simulium Litobranchium
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Species Diversity
Amazonia
Co1
Concerted Evolution
Its-1
Its-2
Simulium Guianense
Simulium Litobranchium
Animals Distribution
Animal
Dna Barcoding, Taxonomic
Dna, Ribosomal Spacer
Electron Transport Complex Iv
Genetic Speciation
Humans
Insect Proteins
Insect Vectors
Mitochondrial Proteins
Onchocerca Volvulus
Onchocerciasis
Phylogeny
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Ribosomes
Simuliidae
Issue Date: 2014
metadata.dc.publisher.journal: Acta Tropica
metadata.dc.relation.ispartof: Volume 131, Número 1, Pags. 47-55
Abstract: Following the success of the Onchocerciasis Elimination Programme for the Americas (OEPA), there is now just one Latin American onchocerciasis focus where onchocerciasis transmission is described as 'on-going:' the Amazonia Onchocerciasis focus. In the hyperendemic highland areas of the Amazonia focus, Simulium guianense s.l. Wise are the most important vectors of the disease. Populations of S. guianense s.l. are, however, known to vary in their cytogenetics and in a range of behaviours, including in their biting habits. In the hypoendemic lowland areas of the Amazonia focus, for example, S. guianense s.l. are generally regarded as zoophilic and consequently unimportant to disease transmission. Robust tools, to discriminate among various populations of S. guianense s.l. have, however, not yet been developed. In the work reported here, we have assessed the utility of a ribosomal DNA sequence fragment spanning the nuclear ribosomal ITS-1, ITS-2 and 5.8S sequence regions and a ~850 nucleotide portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase gene (CO1) for species-level identification and for resolving the within species substructuring. We report here how we have generated 78 CO1 sequences from a rich set of both zoophilic and anthropophilic populations of S. guianense s.l. that were collected from eight sites that are broadly distributed across Brazil. Consistent with previous findings, our analysis supports the genetic isolation of Simulium litobranchium from S. guianense s.l. In contrast with previous findings, however, our results did not provide support for the divergence of the two species prior to the radiation of S. guianense s.l. In our analysis of the S. guianense s.l. ribosomal DNA sequence trace files we generated, we provide clear evidence of multiple within-specimen single nucleotide polymorphisms and indels suggesting that S. guianense s.l. ribosomal DNA is not a good target for conventional DNA barcoding. This is the first report of S. guianense s.l. within individual ribosomal DNA variation and thus the first evidence that the species is not subject to the normal effects of concerted evolution. Collectively, these data illustrate the need for diverse sampling in the development of robust molecular tools for vector identification and suggest that ribosomal DNA might be able to assist with resolving S. guianense s.l. species substructuring that C01 barcoding has hitherto failed to. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.
metadata.dc.identifier.doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2013.10.019
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