Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/19085
Title: Energy and water dynamics of a central Amazonian rain forest
Authors: Malhi, Yadvinder Singh
Pegoraro, Emiliano
Nobre, Antônio Donato
Pereira, Maria G.P.
Grace, John
Culf, Alistair D.
Clement, Robert J.
Keywords: Carbon Dioxide
Correlation Methods
Evapotranspiration
Forestry
Moisture
Soils
Tropics
Turbulence
Forest Canopy
Hydraulic Property
Seasonal Variation
Solar Radiation
Turbulent Mixing
Water Budget
Amazonas
Amazonia
Manaus
South America
Issue Date: 2002
metadata.dc.publisher.journal: Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres
metadata.dc.relation.ispartof: Volume 107, Número 20, Pags. LBA 45-1-LBA 45-17
Abstract: This paper presents measurements of the energy and water budgets of a tropical rain forest near Manaus, Brazil, in central Amazonia, collected between September 1995 and August 1996. Fluxes of sensible and latent heat were measured using a three-dimensional eddy covariance system mounted above the forest canopy. Using a new approach to analysis of eddy covariance data, we found that the measured fluxes increased significantly when turbulent transport on timescales of 1 to 4 hours was taken into account. With this new analysis, the measured turbulent fluxes almost balanced the incoming net radiation, giving increased confidence in the accuracy of the measured fluxes. Of the 5.56 GJ m-2 yr-1 of solar radiation supplied over the year, 11% were reflected, 15% were lost as net thermal emission, 27% were transported through sensible heat convection, 46% used in evapotranspiration, and 0.5% were used; in net carbon fixation. Total annual evapotranspiration was calculated to be 1123 mm; accounting for 54% of total precipitation. Seasohality was an important influence: limited water availability during the dry season caused evapotranspiration to reduce by 50%. Total canopy conductance was linearly correlated to soil moisture content, with typical midday values ranging between 0.8 mol m-2 s-1 in the wet season and 0.3 mol m-2 s-1 in the dry season. Such seasonal behavior is likely to be prevalent in most tropical forest regions, and correct description of dry-season evapotranspiration will require accurate modeling of plant and soil hydraulic properties and knowledge of root distributions. Copyright 2002 by the American Geophysical Union.
metadata.dc.identifier.doi: 10.1029/2001JD000623
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