Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/37392
Title: Seasonal precipitation variability modes over South America associated to El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and non-ENSO components during the 1951–2016 period
Authors: Souza, Itamara Parente de
Andreoli, R. V.
Kayano, Mary Toshie
Vargas, Franci Flores
Cerón, Wilmar Loaiza
Martins, Jorge Alberto
Freitas, Edmilson D.
Souza, Rodrigo Augusto Ferreira de
Issue Date: 2021
metadata.dc.publisher.journal: International Journal of Climatology
Abstract: Anomalous seasonal patterns of precipitation variability over South America (SA) associated with El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and non‐ENSO (residual) conditions were assessed during 1951–2016. Patterns were obtained from empirical orthogonal functions analysis of total and residual precipitation seasonal anomalies. In austral spring and summer, precipitation variability is dominated by a dipolar anomaly mode with a centre extending from northwestern to northeastern SA and another in central‐eastern Brazil and part of southeastern SA (SESA) during spring, and a centre in northwestern SA and another extending from northeastern SA to central and eastern Brazil and central SESA, during summer. These modes are associated with ENSO to a greater extent during spring than summer. In summer, there is a strong association of the dipolar precipitation pattern with sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies on the east coast of Brazil, which indicates local influence. In austral fall, SST anomalies in the tropical South Atlantic relate to precipitation anomalies in northeast SA, and those in the tropical north Atlantic (TNA) to precipitation anomalies in northwestern SA, through the intertropical convergence zone anomalous position modulated by SST anomalies. In this same condition, the ENSO acts only to intensify or weaken the dominant precipitation pattern, depending on its phase, mainly over SESA. In contrast, the second variability mode in fall is characterized by positive SST anomalies in the Indian Ocean and equatorial and southern Atlantic Ocean and negative in the TNA. The importance of ENSO and the Indian Ocean in the characterization of the SST dipole in the tropical Atlantic explains the main changes in precipitation patterns over northeastern Brazil not been discussed in previous studies.
metadata.dc.identifier.doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.7075
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