Distribuição e diversidade filogenética de lagartos da Amazônia brasileira

Abstract

divergences of species have allowed a better understanding of the evolutionary and historical processes involved in community structuring and differentiation between species. Focussing on lizards, this thesis aims to investigate these themes by: (1) quantifying sampling effort of collections made across six locations in the Brazilian Amazon; (2) inferring the phylogenetic structure these six communities of lizards using data generated from the DNA barcodes (mitochondrial gene COI); (3) generating genetic distances within and between lizard species at 22 locations in the Brazilian Amazon through DNA barcoding; and (4) assessing genetic divergences for key taxa (Plica plica and P. umbra) from DNA barcodes, 16S rRNA, and the nuclear PRLR marker. The thesis is organized into five experimental chapters, as well as a general introduction. Chapters one to five are organized in the form of scientific articles. In Chapter I, we quantified the sampling efforts of inventoried lizards in one location , and subsequently in II, at six locations in the Brazilian Amazon. In Chapter III, we used DNA samples of species of lizards in the six scheduled areas of the Brazilian Amazon to assess the phylogenetic structure of the communities with based on a tree generated with the mitochondrial marker CO1. In Chapter IV an CO1 database for 54 species of lizards of 22 locations in the Brazilian Amazon has been established. In Chapter V, it was inferred intra- and interspecific diversity of two species of Plica lizards (Plica plica and Plica umbra) with the use of mitochondrial markers CO1, 16S rRNA and a nuclear gene (prolactin receptor - PRLR). Our results offer an overview of the lizards of the Brazilian Amazon and contributes to an increased knowledge of the group in terms of their genetic and spatial diversity. The richness of species inventoried in the six locations was similar to that found in other inventoried conducted in areas of the Amazon basin. The sample was representative of the richness of expected species inventoried for each area, with the encounter of common species, widely distributed by the Amazon basin and species with more restricted distribution to certain areas and environments. The DNA barcode allowed to know the distribution of the genetic diversity of 54 species of Amazonian lizards. Found intraspecific divergence and high definition of more than one entity 34 evolutionary species. Thus, it assumes that the diversity of lizards is underestimated. Plica plica and Plica umbra comprise more than a distinct evolutionary entity structured through the Amazonian landscape and the lineages found for both species are largely consistent with the hypothetical formation of areas of endemism proposals for the Brazilian Amazon.